Pengaruh Trichoderma dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit pada Pembibitan Awal
Effect of Trichoderma and NPK Fertilizer on Early-Stage Oil Palm Seedling Growth
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21111/agrotech.v12i01.9Keywords:
Interaksi perlakuan, jumlah daun, penyerapan hara, pupuk hayati, tinggi tanamanAbstract
Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan komoditas strategis yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian global, khususnya di Indonesia. Keberhasilan produksi tanaman ini sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas bibit pada fase pembibitan awal, yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif dan potensi hasil di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi Trichoderma dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit, serta mengevaluasi interaksi kedua perlakuan dalam menentukan kombinasi dosis yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu Trichoderma (0, 20, dan 40 g/bibit) dan pupuk NPK (0, 0,5, dan 1 g/bibit), dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada umur 4–10 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) pada taraf 5%, dilanjutkan dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk NPK berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan tinggi tanaman (p < 0,05) dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,58, sedangkan Trichoderma tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan secara parsial. Interaksi antara Trichoderma dan NPK memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman (R² = 0,62; p = 0,032), namun tidak signifikan terhadap jumlah daun. Pertumbuhan jumlah daun cenderung stabil dan tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan. Pupuk NPK berperan dominan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit kelapa sawit, khususnya tinggi tanaman, sedangkan Trichoderma berfungsi sebagai faktor pendukung yang meningkatkan efisiensi pertumbuhan melalui mekanisme biologis. Dengan demikian, kombinasi pupuk anorganik dan agen hayati berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai strategi pembibitan yang lebih berkelanjutan, meskipun diperlukan optimasi dosis dan kondisi aplikasi untuk memperoleh efek sinergis yang maksimal.
References
Alizadeh, M., Qaderi, S., Roshanroo, M., Karimzadeh, S., Fazli, M., Saeedi, M., Akhtari, A., & Heidarzadeh, A. (2024). Contouring multifaceted biological activities and applications of trichoderma spp. for managing plant health. Journal of Crop Health, 76(3), 561–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-024-00976-y
Asghar, W., Craven, K. D., Kataoka, R., Mahmood, A., Asghar, N., Raza, T., & Iftikhar, F. (2024). The application of trichoderma spp., an old but new useful fungus, in sustainable soil health intensification: A comprehensive strategy for addressing challenges. Plant Stress, 12, 100455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2024.100455
Cuesta, R. L. C., Mattiello, E. M., Castro, G. F. de, Matias, P. C., Monteiro, T. S. A., & Freitas, L. G. de. (2024). Efficiency of phosphate fertilizers containing growth promoters in plant fertilization. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 56, 103019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103019
Edwards, R. B. (2026). Export agriculture and rural poverty: Evidence from Indonesian palm oil. Journal of International Economics, 159, 104209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104209
Himawan, T. (2025). Pengaruh beberapa lapisan tanah dan bahan organik terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di main nursery. 3(September), 884–888. https://eprints.instiperjogja.ac.id/id/eprint/3606/
Nurahmi, E., Hidayat, T., & Arfan, M. (2024). Pengaruh media tanam dan dosis pupuk npk terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Jurnal Agrium, 21(4), 301–310.
Ogahara, Z., Jespersen, K., Theilade, I., & Nielsen, M. R. (2022). Review of smallholder palm oil sustainability reveals limited positive impacts and identifies key implementation and knowledge gaps. Land Use Policy, 120, 106258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106258
Oktavian, A., Sudradjat, & Supijatno. (2025). Optimization of compound npk fertilizer dosage to enhance the productivity of 11 year old oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) trees (Mature planting year 8). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 19(09), 928–933. https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.25.19.09.p25
Oya, N., Rusdi, M., Fazlina, Y. D., & Sugianto, S. (2023). Template matching method to determine oil palm trees. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1183(1), 012077. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012077
Pangaribuan, I. F., Wening, S., Pratiwi, D. R., Mardiana, C., Setiowati, R. D., & Ginting, E. N. (2024). The effect of fertilizer variation doses input on seedlings of several oil palm varieties. BIO Web of Conferences, 123, 01013. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202412301013
Petkova, M., Shilev, S., Neykova, I., & Angelov, A. (2026). Modulation of sorghum associated fungal communities by trichoderma bioinoculants: insights from ITS amplicon sequencing. Agronomy, 16(2), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16020217
Prasetya, B., Tampubolon, B. D., Wahono, D. R., Darmayanti, N. T. E., Kristiningrum, E., Mulyono, A. B., Aliyah, N., Isharyadi, F., Ayuningtyas, U., Wulansari, N., & Susmiarni, R. D. (2025). The role of traceability of standardized palm oil seed for strengthening smallholder plantation in indonesia. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.6385
Purwanto, B., Shalihy, W., & Indrawati, I. (2025). Effect of npk fertilizer and trichoderma harzianum-enriched oil palm empty fruit bunch compost on the growth of oil palm seedlings. Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal, 8(2), 407–421. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v8i2.2356
Ren, L., Lv, J., Zhang, F., Dou, B., Li, L., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Integrated fertilization with organic manure and trichoderma enhances wheat productivity and soil nutrient availability. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1687216
Salamat, S. S., Hassan, M. A., Shirai, Y., Mohd Hanif, A. H., Arifin, I., & Norizan, M. S. (2019). Application of compost in mixed media improved oil palm nursery’s secondary root structure thereby reducing the fertilizer requirement for growth. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 39–49. https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2019.027.3.05
Sani, M. N. H., Hasan, M., Uddain, J., & Subramaniam, S. (2020). Impact of application of trichoderma and biochar on growth, productivity and nutritional quality of tomato under reduced n-p-k fertilization. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 65(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2020.06.003
Sari, R. P. K., Utoyo, B., Usodri, K. S., & Gusta, A. R. (2026). Application of urea and biological fertilizer on double tone oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedling growth in main nursery. 020023. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0307602
Silva, L. G., Camargo, R. C., Mascarin, G. M., Nunes, P. S. de O., Dunlap, C., & Bettiol, W. (2022). Dual functionality of trichoderma: biocontrol of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and biostimulant of cotton plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.983127
Singh, B. N., Dwivedi, P., Sarma, B. K., Singh, G. S., & Singh, H. B. (2019). A novel function of n-signaling in plants with special reference to trichoderma interaction influencing plant growth, nitrogen use efficiency, and cross talk with plant hormones. 3 Biotech, 9(3), 109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1638-3
Soleh, M. A., Anjarsari, I. R. D., & Farisa, A. D. (2025). Optimizing growth performance of Robusta coffee seedlings through liquid Trichoderma application. Research on Crops, 1 (MARCH) 2025). https://doi.org/10.31830/2348-7542.2025.ROC-1178
Sun, J., Wang, M., Lyu, M., Niklas, K. J., Zhong, Q., Li, M., & Cheng, D. (2019). Stem diameter (and Not Length) limits twig leaf biomass. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00185
Xu, J., Li, Y., & Li, L. (2025). A comprehensive review of the effects of organic amendments on soil health and fertility: mechanisms, greenhouse gas emissions, and implications for sustainable agriculture. Agronomy, 15(12), 2705. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122705
Yan, K., Zhu, M., Su, H., Liu, X., Li, S., Zhi, Y., Li, Y., & Zhang, J. (2024). Trichoderma asperellum boosts nitrogen accumulation and photosynthetic capacity of wolfberry ( Lycium chinense ) under saline soil stress. Tree Physiology, 44(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpad148
Zheng, H., Noor, H., Lin, C., Feng, Y., Luo, Z., Hou, Y., Seleiman, M. F., & Noor, F. (2025). Agrochemical nitrogen cycles, photosynthesis performance of nitrogen use efficiency, and yield of maize. Atmosphere, 16(4), 373. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040373
Zin, N. A., & Badaluddin, N. A. (2020). Biological functions of trichoderma spp. for agriculture applications. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 65(2), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2020.09.003
Downloads
Submitted
Accepted
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gontor Agrotech Science Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
